Encephalitis Associated With Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies in a Child

Encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in a child: a treatable condition?

OBJECTIVE To increase the recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies-related encephalitis in childhood. DESIGN Case report and review of the literature. PATIENT A 6-year-old girl who had developed refractory seizures, developmental regression, and type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 25 months. INTERVENTIONS Blood analysis, electroencephalogram, cerebral magnetic resonance imagi...

Cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) autoantibodies: a rare and puzzling disease.

Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in downbeat nystagmus.

The cause of downbeat nystagmus (DBN) remains undiagnosed in about 40% of patients. This paper reports the presence of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) in a patient with DBN. Antibodies against GABAergic neurons located in the vestibular complex may induce chemical denervation of the floccular neurons, which normally suppress the peripheral imbalance between vertical semicirc...

Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase limbic encephalitis without epilepsy evolving into dementia with cerebellar ataxia.

OBJECTIVES To expand the spectrum of the clinical presentation of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies-related limbic encephalitis and to improve the recognition of this entity. DESIGN Case study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT An 11-year-old-girl with progressive mood and behavioral disorder, speech impairment, and short-term memory impairment who manifested cerebellar ataxi...

Characteristics of in-vitro phenotypes of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies in high-titre individuals.

Previous studies have indicated phenotypical differences in glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GADA) found in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, individuals at risk of developing T1D and stiff-person syndrome (SPS) patients. In a Phase II trial using aluminium-formulated GAD(65) (GAD-alum) as an immunomodulator in T1D, several patients responded with high GADA titres after treatment, ...